Computer components that get heated up fast are the CPU, Hard disk, graphics card and all integrated chips related Components. These parts need a sufficient cooling mechanism within the computer. Cooling fans are the mostly used devices for air cooling of computer components like CPU, Chip sets, PSU, Hard disk and AGP card.

Cooling fan can be attached to the PC case, or attached to a CPU, chipset, PSU, hard drive or PCI slot. Notebook coolers are available in various sizes, that include 40, 60, 80, 92, 120, & 140 mm. Many large size fans in the range of 200mm to 240mm have started hitting the market in past few years.

The quantum of airflow generated by fans measured in cubic feet per min (CFM), and the speed of rotation of the fan is measured in revolutions per min (RPM). Fans with greater CFM rating, but make less noise (measured in decibels) are preferred. Some fans come with an adjustable RPM rating to make less noise when the computer does not require extra airflow.

The speed of the cooling Fan could be regulated manually, thermally, or by the PC hardware or by software. In the case of laptops and notebooks, if the cooling fans aren't enough to cool the components, then a laptop or notebook cooler is used for cooling purposes. In this cooling is carried out by a cooling pad by passive or active cooling techniques and rests below the laptop.

Active laptop cooling fans pass the air or liquid to take the heat away from the laptop quickly, on the other hand a passive lap cooler uses thermally conductive materials for cooling purposes. Laptop cooling fan speed can be adjusted manually or automatically on different models. On certain models, the fan runs at a set speed.

In passive laptop cooling, a conductive cooling pad permits for the cooling of a laptop without using any power. These "Pads" are filled with an organic salt compound, that absorbs the heat from the laptop. Thus the usage of cooling fans and cooling pads are extremely significant to maintain the temperature within the allowable range. When the heat crosses the allowable range, then it can lead to a CPU or a hard drive crash resulting in a complete breakdown. Most commonly used home or small business systems uses fan cooling systems.

Many systems where the sound of the fans is a big hindrance come with heat sinks and convection cooling systems, where the noise produced is very negligible. Sometimes the motherboards would be totally immersed in liquid oil, that is an alternative to both cooling fans and heat sinks. Ionic wind cooling, which does not use any cooling fans or sinks are currently being researched by the researchers to find whether this technology can be used for cooling purposes.

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